Glossary


Browse the glossary using this index

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A

Accuracy

The ability to produce language without grammatical errors


Acquisition

The process of naturally absorbing language through input


Adjective

A modifier word that describes a noun


Ambiguity

A confusing state with multiple possible meanings


Autonomy

The independence of learners during practice


B

Background

Prior knowledge a reader brings to texts


Bottom-up

Processing text by decoding individual words first


Boundary

The explicit structural limit of a sentence


Brainstorming

The initial step of generating writing ideas


C

Clause

A grammatical structure containing a subject and verb


Cognitive

 Relating to mental processing during reading


Coherence

The logical, orderly connection of text ideas


Cohesion

 The grammatical linking holding text together


Comprehension

The dynamic capacity to understand text meaning


D

Decoding

Mechanically converting written symbols into spoken words


Descriptive

Writing meant to detail people or places


Discourse

Connected language structured in a meaningful way


E

Evidence

Objective facts verifying a text statement


Exclamatory

A functional sentence type expressing strong emotion


Exposure

 Encountering natural structures repeatedly in context


External

Visible physical features used in description tasks


F

Facts

Objective data used to support a main idea.


Feature

 A distinct characteristic of a text type.


Fictional

 Invented stories, such as fairy tales or myths.


Fluency

The ability to read or write smoothly.


G

General

Broad information rather than specific details.



Gist

The overall meaning or main idea of a text


Goal

The specific purpose driving a reading task.



H

Heading

 A title indicating a new section text.



Hierarchy

Organized levels of information based on importance


Historical

Narratives describing real events from the past.



I

Imagery

Descriptive language creating clear vivid mental pictures.



Imperative

 A sentence function used to issue commands.



Implication

Implied hidden meaning not stated directly online.



Inference

Making logical conclusions based on text clues.




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